A systematic review of prophylactic antibiotics in the surgical treatment of maxillofacial fractures

Andreasen, Jens O; Jensen, Simon Storgaard; Schwartz, Ole; Hillerup, Yören (2006). A systematic review of prophylactic antibiotics in the surgical treatment of maxillofacial fractures. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 64(11), pp. 1664-1668. Maryland Heights, Mo.: Elsevier 10.1016/j.joms.2006.02.032

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PURPOSE: A systematic review was performed to find evidence for prophylactic administration of antibiotics in relation to treatment of maxillofacial fractures.

METHODS: Four studies were retrieved that fulfilled most of the requirements of being randomized controlled clinical trials.

RESULTS: An analysis of these studies showed a 3-fold decrease in the infection rate of mandibular fractures in the antibiotic treated groups compared with the control groups. A variety of antibiotics had been used with an apparently uniform effect. A "1-shot" regimen or a 1-day treatment course had a similar or perhaps even better effect than 7 days of treatment. No infections were related to condylar, maxillary, or zygoma fractures.

CONCLUSION: A 1-shot or 1-day administration of prophylactic antibiotics seem to be the best documented to reduce infections in the management of mandibular fractures not involving the condylar region.

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