Adherence as a Predictor of the Development of Class-Specific Resistance Mutations: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study

von Wyl, Viktor; Klimkait, Thomas; Yerly, Sabine; Nicca, Dunja; Furrer, Hansjakob; Cavassini, Matthias; Calmy, Alexandra; Bernasconi, Enos; Böni, Jürg; Aubert, Vincent; Günthard, Huldrych F.; Bucher, Heiner C.; Glass, Tracy R.; Wainberg, Mark (2013). Adherence as a Predictor of the Development of Class-Specific Resistance Mutations: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e77691. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0077691

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Background

Non-adherence is one of the strongest predictors of therapeutic failure in HIV-positive patients. Virologic failure with subsequent emergence of resistance reduces future treatment options and long-term clinical success.
Methods

Prospective observational cohort study including patients starting new class of antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 2003 and 2010. Participants were naïve to ART class and completed ≥1 adherence questionnaire prior to resistance testing. Outcomes were development of any IAS-USA, class-specific, or M184V mutations. Associations between adherence and resistance were estimated using logistic regression models stratified by ART class.
Results

Of 314 included individuals, 162 started NNRTI and 152 a PI/r regimen. Adherence was similar between groups with 85% reporting adherence ≥95%. Number of new mutations increased with increasing non-adherence. In NNRTI group, multivariable models indicated a significant linear association in odds of developing IAS-USA (odds ratio (OR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-2.67) or class-specific (OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.00-2.70) mutations. Levels of drug resistance were considerably lower in PI/r group and adherence was only significantly associated with M184V mutations (OR 8.38, 95% CI: 1.26-55.70). Adherence was significantly associated with HIV RNA in PI/r but not NNRTI regimens.
Conclusion

Therapies containing PI/r appear more forgiving to incomplete adherence compared with NNRTI regimens, which allow higher levels of resistance, even with adherence above 95%. However, in failing PI/r regimens good adherence may prevent accumulation of further resistance mutations and therefore help to preserve future drug options. In contrast, adherence levels have little impact on NNRTI treatments once the first mutations have emerged.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Haematology, Oncology, Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Medicine and Hospital Pharmacy (DOLS) > Clinic of Infectiology

UniBE Contributor:

Furrer, Hansjakob

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health

ISSN:

1932-6203

Publisher:

Public Library of Science

Language:

English

Submitter:

Annelies Luginbühl

Date Deposited:

21 Mar 2014 08:28

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 14:29

Publisher DOI:

10.1371/journal.pone.0077691

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.43995

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/43995

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