Classes of common factors of psychotherapy and their associations with therapy techniques

Pfammatter, Mario; Tschacher, Wolfgang (2016). Classes of common factors of psychotherapy and their associations with therapy techniques. Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 45(1), pp. 1-13. Hogrefe 10.1026/1616-3443/a000331

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Background: There is considerable disagreement as to what makes psychotherapy effective. The controversy about the comparative efficacy of different modalities of psychotherapy has generated two different major perspectives: the specific ingredients assumption and the common factors model. However, conceptual considerations suggest a synergistic view of common factors and specific techniques. Objective: Based on ratings of 68 German-speaking psychotherapy experts we examined whether the different common factors can be summarized among superordinate classes according to their associations with specific techniques. Method: Psychotherapy experts rated the degree of associations between various common factors and techniques in a web-based survey. A factor analysis was performed to analyze the dimensional structure of common factors, which underlies the rated associations between common factors and specific techniques. In addition, the strength, the direction, and the technical patterns of the different classes of common factors were analyzed by regression analysis. Results: The factor analysis revealed that common factors can be described by a four-dimensional structure. The four classes of common factors are characterized by a set of specifically associated techniques. Conclusion: The multitude of common factors can be reduced by a technique-related operationalization.

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