Milk fatty acids as possible biomarkers to diagnose hyperketonemia in early lactation.

Jorjong, S; van Knegsel, A T M; Verwaeren, J; Bruckmaier, Rupert; De Baets, B; Kemp, B; Fievez, V (2015). Milk fatty acids as possible biomarkers to diagnose hyperketonemia in early lactation. Journal of dairy science, 98(8), pp. 5211-5221. American Dairy Science Association 10.3168/jds.2014-8728

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The aim of this study was to assess the potential of milk fatty acids as diagnostic tool for hyperketonemia of 93 dairy cows in a 3×2 factorial arrangement. Cows were fed a glucogenic or lipogenic diet and originally were intended to be subjected to a 0-, 30-, or 60-d dry period. Nevertheless, some of the cows, which were intended for inclusion in the 0-d dry period group, dried off spontaneously. Milk was collected in wk 2, 3, 4, and 8 of lactation for milk fat analysis. Blood was sampled from wk 2 to 8 after parturition for β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) analysis. Cases were classified into 2 groups: hyperketonemia (BHBA ≥1.2mmol/L) and nonhyperketonemia (BHBA <1.2mmol/L). Concentrations of 45 milk fatty acids and ratios of anteiso C15:0-to-anteiso C17:0 and C18:1 cis-9-to-C15:0 were subjected to a logistic regression analysis (stepwise forward method). The milk fat C18:1 cis-9-to-C15:0 ratio revealed the most discriminating factor for diagnosis of hyperketonemia. Ninety percent of nonhyperketonemia cases showed a milk fat C18:1 cis-9-to-C15:0 ratio of 40 or lower, whereas 70% of cows suffering from hyperketonemia showed milk fat C18:1 cis-9-to-C15:0 ratios exceeding 40. Additionally, cows with a milk fat ratio C18:1 cis-9-to-C15:0 of at least 45 in wk 2 after parturition had about 50% chance to encounter blood plasma BHBA values of 1.2mmol/L or more during the first 8 wk of lactation. Of the cows not suffering from hyperketonemia during the first 2 mo of lactation, only 9% exceeded this wk 2 threshold. Practical implementation requires routine analysis of both milk fatty acids, which currently is lacking for C15:0. The inclusion of other variables, such as test-day information and a more frequent sampling protocol should be considered to further improve diagnostic performance of this biomarker.

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