Cano, Antonio; Chedraui, Peter; Goulis, Dimitrios G; Lopes, Patrice; Mishra, Gita; Mueck, Alfred; Senturk, Levent M; Simoncini, Tommaso; Stevenson, John C; Stute, Petra; Tuomikoski, Pauliina; Rees, Margaret; Lambrinoudaki, Irene (2018). Calcium in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis: EMAS clinical guide. Maturitas, 107, pp. 7-12. Elsevier 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.10.004
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INTRODUCTION
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disease. Prevention through lifestyle measures includes an adequate calcium intake. Despite the guidance provided by scientific societies and governmental bodies worldwide, many issues remain unresolved.
AIMS
To provide evidence regarding the impact of calcium intake on the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and critically appraise current guidelines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Literature review and consensus of expert opinion.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
The recommended daily intake of calcium varies between 700 and 1200mg of elemental calcium, depending on the endorsing source. Although calcium can be derived either from the diet or supplements, the former source is preferred. Intake below the recommended amount may increase fragility fracture risk; however, there is no consistent evidence that calcium supplementation at, or above, recommended levels reduces risk. The addition of vitamin D may minimally reduce fractures, mainly among institutionalised people. Excessive intake of calcium, defined as higher than 2000mg/day, can be potentially harmful. Some studies demonstrated harm even at lower dosages. An increased risk for cardiovascular events, urolithiasis and even fractures has been found in association with excessive calcium intake, but this issue remains unresolved. In conclusion, an adequate intake of calcium is recommended for general bone health. Excessive calcium intake seems of no benefit, and could possibly be harmful.
Item Type: |
Journal Article (Original Article) |
|---|---|
Division/Institute: |
04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Endocrinology (DFKE) > Clinic of Gynaecology |
UniBE Contributor: |
Stute, Petra |
Subjects: |
600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health |
ISSN: |
0378-5122 |
Publisher: |
Elsevier |
Language: |
English |
Submitter: |
Monika Zehr |
Date Deposited: |
16 Apr 2018 11:30 |
Last Modified: |
05 Dec 2022 15:10 |
Publisher DOI: |
10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.10.004 |
PubMed ID: |
29169584 |
Uncontrolled Keywords: |
Calcium Diet Excess-calcium risk Postmenopausal osteoporosis Prevention |
BORIS DOI: |
10.7892/boris.111121 |
URI: |
https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/111121 |
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