Comparison of Three Methods of Rating Nasolabial Appearance in Cleft Lip and Palate

Fudalej, SA; Desmedt, D; Bronkhorst, E; Fudalej, Piotr (2017). Comparison of Three Methods of Rating Nasolabial Appearance in Cleft Lip and Palate. Cleft palate-craniofacial journal, 54(4), pp. 400-407. Sage 10.1597/14-189

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OBJECTIVE:
To investigate which of three methods of rating nasolabial appearance-esthetic index, visual analogue scale (VAS), or numerical scale with reference photographs-is optimal.
DESIGN:
Experimental study.
SETTING:
Radboud University Medical Centre, The Netherlands and University of Bern, Switzerland.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Cropped photographs of 60 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (mean age = 10.8 years) were used for rating. A panel of eight raters rated four components of nasolabial morphology (nasal shape, nose deviation, vermillion border, and profile view) using three methods: 5-point esthetic index, 100 mm VAS, and 0 to 200 numerical scale with reference photographs (reference scores method). Method reliability was assessed by re-evaluation of 20 images after >1 month. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate consistency of each method.
RESULTS:
Overall reference scores method always produced more reproducible results (i.e., higher ICCs) than did VAS or the esthetic index. However, statistically significant differences were found between reference scores and esthetic index in rating nasal shape, nose deviation, and vermillion border only (P < 0.001, <0.001, and 0.012, respectively) and between reference scores and VAS in rating nose deviation and vermillion border (P < 0.001 and 0.017, respectively).
CONCLUSION:
We recommend the use of reference photographs along with the VAS or numerical (from 0 to 200) semi-continuous scale. The esthetic index, based on a Likert-type scale, seems to produce the most variable results and, therefore, is not preferred.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > School of Dental Medicine > Department of Orthodontics

UniBE Contributor:

Fudalej, Piotr

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health
600 Technology

ISSN:

1055-6656

Publisher:

Sage

Language:

English

Submitter:

Renate Imhof-Etter

Date Deposited:

27 Mar 2018 15:50

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 15:11

Publisher DOI:

10.1597/14-189

PubMed ID:

28140671

Uncontrolled Keywords:

VAS, appearance, cleft lip, cleft palate, esthetic index, esthetics, method, rating

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.112307

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/112307

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