A Novel Experimental Dental Implant Permits Quantitative Grading of Surface-Property Effects on Osseointegration.

Hunziker, Ernst Bruno; Spiegl-Habegger, Michael; Rudolf, Stefanie; Liu, Yuelian; Gu, Zhiyuan; Lippuner, Kurt; Shintani, Nahoko; Enggist, Lukas (2018). A Novel Experimental Dental Implant Permits Quantitative Grading of Surface-Property Effects on Osseointegration. The international journal of oral & maxillofacial implants, 33(5), pp. 967-978. Quintessence Publishing 10.11607/jomi.6348

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PURPOSE

To test the hypothesis if a novel single-chamber experimental dental implant allows in vivo the quantitative assessment of osseointegration over time and as a function of different surface properties (physical, chemical, geometric, biologic [osteoconductive or osteoinductive]) in a biologically unfavorable environment (local osteoporosis).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Three prototypes of a novel experimental implant with different chamber sizes (small, medium, and large) were compared with each other to find out the minimum size of bone chambers needed to allow a discriminative quantification of osseointegration over time. For the comparison of low and high surface osteoconductivity properties, conventional sandblasted, acid-etched chamber surfaces (low surface osteoconductivity) were compared with biomimetically (calcium phosphate) coated ones (high surface osteoconductivity). The implants (4 implants per animal; 88 implants per time point) were inserted into the edentulous maxillae of a total of 66 adult goats with a physiologically osteoporotic masticatory apparatus. Two, 4, and 8 weeks later, they were excised and prepared for a histomorphometric analysis of the volume of neoformed bone within the chamber space and of the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) area.

RESULTS

The implants with small chambers did not show significant differences in bone coverage (BIC) nor bone volume (relative and absolute volume), neither as a function of time nor as of implant surface property (low versus high surface osteoconductivity). However, medium and large chambers revealed significant differences respecting both of these parameters over the 8-week postoperative time period.

CONCLUSION

The new implant model permits a discriminative quantification of osseointegration in vivo in an osteoporotic bone environment for implants with medium-sized and large-sized chambers. Quantitative assessment of osseointegration is possible, both over time and as a function of low and high surface osteoconductivity properties.

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