Sleep disordered breathing at high altitude in adults and its interaction with cardiovascular homeostasis

Rexhaj, Emrush; Soria Maldonado, Rodrigo; Brill, Anne-Kathrin; Scherrer, Urs (2019). Sleep disordered breathing at high altitude in adults and its interaction with cardiovascular homeostasis. Current sleep medicine reports, 5(2), pp. 49-55. Springer 10.1007/s40675-019-00138-x

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Purpose of Review:
Worldwide > 140 million people are living at high altitude and large numbers of lowlanders travel to high altitude for professional reasons or leisure activities. While there is widely held belief that sleep is perturbed at high altitude, little scientific evidence supports this notion. Here, we summarize recent work on sleep at high altitude in newcomers and high-altitude dwellers with particular emphasis on the interactions between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and cardiovascular regulation.

Recent Findings:

Recent studies show an interaction between SDB and cardiovascular homeostasis in high-altitude dwellers. In high-altitude dwellers, SDB is associated with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction, premature atherosclerosis in the systemic circulation, and altered regulation of the cerebrovascular circulation related with cognitive decline and depression.

Summary:

In high-altitude dwellers, recent studies show a potential role of SDB in promoting cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need for studies examining the effects of the treatment of SDB on cardiovascular homeostasis and its long-term benefits on cardiovascular morbidity/mortality in high-altitude dwellers.

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