Impact of combined lifestyle factors on all-cause and cause-specific mortality and life expectancy in Chinese: the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Pan, Xiong-Fei; Li, Yanping; Franco, Oscar H; Yuan, Jian-Min; Pan, An; Koh, Woon-Puay (2020). Impact of combined lifestyle factors on all-cause and cause-specific mortality and life expectancy in Chinese: the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Journals of gerontology. Series A - biological sciences and medical sciences, 75(11), pp. 2193-2199. Oxford University Press 10.1093/gerona/glz271

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BACKGROUND

To examine the impact of combined lifestyle factors on premature mortality and life expectancy in Chinese adults.

METHODS

A total of 44,052 Chinese adults aged 45 to 74 years free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and diabetes were followed from recruitment (1993-1998) to the end of 2016 in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. A composite score (0-5 scale) was calculated based on five baseline healthy lifestyle factors including healthy diet, non-smoking status, light to moderate alcohol drinking, being physically active and optimal body mass index. Mortality cases were identified through linkage with the nationwide death registry.

RESULTS

Adopting five healthy versus none was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.38 (0.29, 0.51) for all-cause mortality, 0.26 (0.13, 0.52) for CVD mortality, and 0.59 (0.37, 0.92) for cancer mortality. Non-adherence to 4-5 healthy lifestyle factors accounted for 34.9% (95% confidence interval: 29.2, 40.2) in population attributable fraction for all-cause mortality, 35.1% (23.7, 44.9) for CVD mortality, and 18.0% (6.5, 28.0) for cancer mortality. Conversely, adherence to 4-5 healthy lifestyle factors versus none could achieve a gain of 8.1 years in women and 6.6 years in men for the life expectancy at 50 years.

CONCLUSIONS

A healthier lifestyle is associated with a substantially reduced risk of mortality and a longer life expectancy in the Chinese population. Our findings highlight the necessity of coordinated actions targeting combined lifestyle factors in reducing the overall burden of diseases and premature deaths.

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