Safety and Efficacy of Intra-arterial Urokinase After Failed, Unsuccessful, or Incomplete Mechanical Thrombectomy in Anterior Circulation Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

Kaesmacher, Johannes; Bellwald, Sebastian; Dobrocky, Tomas; Meinel, Thomas R; Piechowiak, Eike I.; Goeldlin, Martina; Kurmann, Christoph C; Heldner, Mirjam R.; Jung, Simon; Mordasini, Pasquale; Arnold, Marcel; Mosimann, Pascal J.; Schroth, Gerhard; Mattle, Heinrich P.; Gralla, Jan; Fischer, Urs (2020). Safety and Efficacy of Intra-arterial Urokinase After Failed, Unsuccessful, or Incomplete Mechanical Thrombectomy in Anterior Circulation Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke. JAMA neurology, 77(3), pp. 318-326. American Medical Association 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4192

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Importance

Achieving complete reperfusion is a key determinant of good outcome in patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). However, data on treatments geared toward improving reperfusion after incomplete MT are sparse.

Objective

To determine whether administration of intra-arterial urokinase is safe and improves reperfusion after failed or incomplete MT.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This observational cohort study included a consecutive sample of patients treated with second-generation MT from January 1, 2010, through August 4, 2017. Data were collected from the prospective registry of a tertiary care stroke center. Of 1274 patients screened, 69 refused to participate, and 993 met the observational studies inclusion criteria of a large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2017, through September 20, 2019.

Intervention

One hundred patients received intra-arterial urokinase after failed or incomplete MT using manual microcatheter injections.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary safety outcome was the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) according to the Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism II criteria. Secondary end points included 90-day mortality and 90-day functional independence (defined as modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2). Efficacy was evaluated angiographically, applying the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) scale.

Results

After exclusion of patients with posterior circulation strokes and those treated with intra-arterial thrombolytics only, 993 patients were included in the final analyses (median age, 74.6 [interquartile range, 62.6-82.2] years; 505 [50.9%] women). Additional intra-arterial urokinase was administered in 100 patients (10.1%). The most common reason for administering intra-arterial urokinase was incomplete reperfusion (TICI<3) after MT (53 [53.0%]). After adjusting for baseline characteristics underlying case selection, intra-arterial urokinase was not associated with an increased risk of sICH (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.31-2.13) or 90-day mortality (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.43-1.40). Among 53 cases of partial or near-complete reperfusion and treated with intra-arterial urokinase, 32 (60.4%) had early reperfusion improvement, and 18 of 53 (34.0%) had an improvement in TICI grade. Correspondingly, patients treated with intra-arterial urokinase had higher rates of functional independence after adjusting for the selection bias favoring a priori poor TICI grades in the intra-arterial urokinase group (aOR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.11-3.37).

Conclusions and Relevance

In selected patients, adjunctive treatment with intra-arterial urokinase during or after MT was safe and improved angiographic reperfusion. Systemic evaluation of this approach in a multicenter prospective registry or a randomized clinical trial seems warranted.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Head Organs and Neurology (DKNS) > Clinic of Neurology
04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine (DRNN) > Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology
04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine (DRNN) > Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology

UniBE Contributor:

Kaesmacher, Johannes, Bellwald, Sebastian, Dobrocky, Tomas, Meinel, Thomas Raphael, Piechowiak, Eike Immo, Göldlin, Martina Béatrice, Heldner, Mirjam Rachel, Jung, Simon, Mordasini, Pasquale Ranato, Arnold, Marcel, Mosimann, Pascal John, Mattle, Heinrich, Gralla, Jan, Fischer, Urs Martin

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health

ISSN:

2168-6157

Publisher:

American Medical Association

Language:

English

Submitter:

Andrea Stettler

Date Deposited:

27 Dec 2019 10:48

Last Modified:

02 Mar 2023 23:32

Publisher DOI:

10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4192

PubMed ID:

31816018

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.137618

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/137618

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