The Deep Composition of Uranus and Neptune from In Situ Exploration and Thermochemical Modeling

Cavalié, Thibault; Venot, Olivia; Miguel, Yamila; Fletcher, Leigh N.; Wurz, Peter; Mousis, Olivier; Bounaceur, Roda; Hue, Vincent; Leconte, Jérémy; Dobrijevic, Michel (2020). The Deep Composition of Uranus and Neptune from In Situ Exploration and Thermochemical Modeling. Space science reviews, 216(4) Springer Nature 10.1007/s11214-020-00677-8

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The distant ice giants of the Solar System, Uranus and Neptune, have only beenvisited by one space mission, Voyager 2. The current knowledge on their composition re-mains very limited despite some recent advances. A better characterization of their composi-tion is however essential to constrain their formation and evolution, as a significant fractionof their mass is made of heavy elements, contrary to the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn. Anin situ probe like Galileo would provide us with invaluable direct ground-truth compositionmeasurements. However, some of the condensibles will remain out of the grasp of a shallowprobe. While additional constraints could be obtained from a complementary orbiter, ther-mochemistry and diffusion modeling can further help us to increase the science return of anin situ probe.

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