Exploring heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Meta-regression analysis.

Spineli, Loukia M; Pandis, Nikolaos (2020). Exploring heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Meta-regression analysis. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, 158(4), pp. 623-625. Elsevier 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.07.002

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Meta-regression is simply the extension of the
regression analysis. Whereas in the regression
analysis, the outcome and the covariates
are measured for each subject, in meta-regression, the
outcome and the covariates are measured on the level
of the study. Because studies differ at least in the sample
size, we need to assign a weight in each study under a
specific model (fixed-effect or random-effects model)
before implementing a meta-regression analysis. Weight
assignment is not addressed in a regression analysis,
because we study subjects. The differences between
the regression and the meta-regression analysis are
obvious, but the goal is the same: to assess the association
between an outcome and one or more covariates.

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