Information Centric Networking in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Kalogeiton, Eirini (2020). Information Centric Networking in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks. (Dissertation, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Science)

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Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are characterized by intermittent connectivity, leading to disruption in their communication. The current Internet Protocol Suite supports end-to-end communication, where nodes requesting content need to know the exact address of the node holding it. Thus, to support intermittent connectivity, new architectures have to be designed and tested. Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is an approach aiming at evolving the Internet architecture from host-centric to the content-centric. An implementation of ICN is Named Data Networking (NDN). NDN’s main principle is that a content object can be distributed among network nodes solely on its name. This thesis proposes efficient solutions to improve the performance of NDN applications in VANETs that address the current communication challenges caused by vehicular mobility and wireless standards. First, we study how we can reduce the number of broadcast messages in a VANET, since broadcasting of messages leads to waste of network resources (decrease of bandwidth and throughput). In our first contribution, to deal with broadcasting every message from every node, we investigate how creating unicast paths between vehicles improves the communication and the content retrieval process. By using unique identifiers on vehicles, we create routing entries targeting destination vehicles, i.e. which vehicles should receive each message. Furthermore, we install on vehicles multiple omnidirectional antennas to enable simultaneous reception and transmission of a message. This allows us to satisfy vehicular requests compared to the standard broadcast scheme. But, since omnidirectional antennas are installed on the vehicles, a message still occupies the wireless medium in all directions. Hence, in our next contribution, we install directional antennas on vehicles, to further limit the dissemination area of messages, and to not occupy the channel of other vehicles outside of the spreading area of messages.

In this thesis, we also study whether using deployed infrastructure that supports intermittent connectivity and resource management assists the content retrieval process. To perform so, we use street sensors (Road Side Unit (RSU)) that act as gateways that connect vehicles in VANETs. We create two routing protocols. In the first RSUs receive and send all messages from nodes, and in the second RSUs act as a back up mechanism for nodes. Indeed, we show that with their permanent use collisions occur, leading to continuous rejection of messages. To deal with this, in our final contribution, we propose the use of Software Defined Networking (SDN). SDN offers centralized control by decoupling the network control from its forwarding functions. We use SDN to construct vehicular paths, to install rules to the forwarding tables of vehicles and to adjust the RSUs transmission power to enable their connection with the maximum number of cars, without, however, rejecting all messages.

We evaluate our algorithms using simulation tools and realistic vehicular mobility traces and we show that the solutions proposed in this thesis are efficient and assist the content retrieval of an NDN application.

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