Initial butyrate producers during infant gut microbiota development are endospore formers.

Appert, Olivia; Garcia, Alejandro Ramirez; Frei, Remo; Roduit, Caroline; Constancias, Florentin; Neuzil-Bunesova, Vera; Ferstl, Ruth; Zhang, Jianbo; Akdis, Cezmi; Lauener, Roger; Lacroix, Christophe; Schwab, Clarissa (2020). Initial butyrate producers during infant gut microbiota development are endospore formers. Environmental microbiology, 22(9), pp. 3909-3921. Wiley-Blackwell 10.1111/1462-2920.15167

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The acquisition of the infant gut microbiota is key to establishing a host-microbiota symbiosis. Microbially produced metabolites tightly interact with the immune system, and the fermentation-derived short-chain fatty acid butyrate is considered an important mediator linked to chronic diseases later in life. The intestinal butyrate-forming bacterial population is taxonomically and functionally diverse and includes endospore formers with high transmission potential. Succession, and contribution of butyrate-producing taxa during infant gut microbiota development have been little investigated. We determined the abundance of major butyrate-forming groups and fermentation metabolites in faeces, isolated, cultivated and characterized the heat-resistant cell population, which included endospores, and compared butyrate formation efficiency of representative taxa in batch cultures. The endospore community contributed about 0.001% to total cells, and was mainly composed of the pioneer butyrate-producing Clostridium sensu stricto. We observed an increase in abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae and faecal butyrate levels with age that is likely explained by higher butyrate production capacity of contributing taxa compared with Clostridium sensu stricto. Our data suggest that a successional arrangement and an overall increase in abundance of butyrate forming populations occur during the first year of life, which is associated with an increase of intestinal butyrate formation capacity.

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