Bär, Roger; Reinhard, Jürgen; Ehrensperger, Albrecht; Kiteme, Boniface; Mkunda, Thomas; Wymann von Dach, Susanne (2021). The future of charcoal, firewood, and biogas in Kitui County and Kilimanjaro Region: Scenario development for policy support. Energy policy, 150(112067), p. 112067. Elsevier 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112067
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Text (The future of charcoal, firewood, and biogas in Kitui County and Kilimanjaro Region: Scenario development for policy support)
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Most households in sub-Saharan Africa rely on wood-based cooking fuels and their number is expected to rise. Despite this, national and subnational energy policies often neglect biomass cooking fuels. A Formative Scenario Analysis process is applied to show how the cooking fuel sector in Kilimanjaro Region (Tanzania) and Kitui County (Kenya) might evolve by 2030. In order to provide relevant knowledge for potential energy policies, this paper aims to identify the main drivers impacting the cooking fuel sector, and to assess and explore current and future demand and supply potential of biomass cooking fuels. Our results show that policies have the potential to substantially impact the future mix of cooking fuels and to foster or hamper the use of efficient cooking fuel technologies. Half of Kilimanjaro Region’s households could be supplied with biogas; in Kitui County, wood-based cooking fuels is likely to remain dominant but improving the efficiency of the technologies would reduce the demand for wood considerably. Hence, we argue that energy policies should explicitly consider biomass cooking fuels and endeavour to make this sector more sustainable and that priority should be given to increasing the sustainability of the biomass cooking fuel sector. Key leverage points to do so are improving the access to improved biomass technologies and capacity building.
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