County-Level Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Mortality by Race/Ethnicity.

Zuma, Bongeka Z; Parizo, Justin T; Valencia, Areli; Spencer-Bonilla, Gabriela; Blum, Manuel R.; Scheinker, David; Rodriguez, Fatima (2021). County-Level Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Mortality by Race/Ethnicity. Journal of the American Heart Association, 10(6), e018835. American Heart Association 10.1161/JAHA.120.018835

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Background Persistent racial/ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality are partially explained by healthcare access and socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors. Little is known about the association between race/ethnicity-specific CVD mortality and county-level factors. Methods and Results Using 2017 county-level data, we studied the association between race/ethnicity-specific CVD age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) and county-level factors (demographics, census region, socioeconomics, CVD risk factors, and healthcare access). Univariate and multivariable linear regressions were used to estimate the association between these factors; R2 values were used to assess the factors that accounted for the greatest variation in CVD AAMR by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic/Latinx individuals). There were 659 740 CVD deaths among non-Hispanic White individuals in 2698 counties; 100 475 deaths among non-Hispanic Black individuals in 717 counties; and 49 493 deaths among Hispanic/Latinx individuals across 267 counties. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had the highest mean CVD AAMR (320.04 deaths per 100 000 individuals), whereas Hispanic/Latinx individuals had the lowest (168.42 deaths per 100 000 individuals). The highest CVD AAMRs across all racial/ethnic groups were observed in the South. In unadjusted analyses, the greatest variation (R2) in CVD AAMR was explained by physical inactivity for non-Hispanic White individuals (32.3%), median household income for non-Hispanic Black individuals (24.7%), and population size for Hispanic/Latinx individuals (28.4%). In multivariable regressions using county-level factor categories, the greatest variation in CVD AAMR was explained by CVD risk factors for non-Hispanic White individuals (35.3%), socioeconomic factors for non-Hispanic Black (25.8%), and demographic factors for Hispanic/Latinx individuals (34.9%). Conclusions The associations between race/ethnicity-specific age-adjusted CVD mortality and county-level factors differ significantly. Interventions to reduce disparities may benefit from being designed accordingly.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of General Internal Medicine (DAIM) > Clinic of General Internal Medicine

UniBE Contributor:

Blum, Manuel

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health

ISSN:

2047-9980

Publisher:

American Heart Association

Language:

English

Submitter:

Tobias Tritschler

Date Deposited:

20 Apr 2021 11:59

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 15:48

Publisher DOI:

10.1161/JAHA.120.018835

PubMed ID:

33653083

Uncontrolled Keywords:

cardiovascular disease mortality disparities race/ethnicity social determinants

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.153365

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/153365

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