Gantenbein, Benjamin; May, Rahel D.; Bermudez-Lekerika, Paola; Oswald, Katharina A. C.; Benneker, Lorin M.; Albers, Christoph E. (2021). EGR2, IGF1 and IL6 Expression Are Elevated in the Intervertebral Disc of Patients Suffering from Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) Compared to Degenerative or Trauma Discs. Applied Sciences, 11(9), p. 4072. MDPI 10.3390/app11094072
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Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is characterised by ectopic ossificationalong the anterior spine and the outer intervertebral discs (IVD). However, the centre of the IVD,i.e., the nucleus pulposus, always remains unaffected, which could be due to the inhibition of thebone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome forthe BMP pathway of DISH-IVD cells versus disc cells of traumatic or degenerative discs. The disccells originated from nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF) and from cartilaginous endplate(CEP) tissue. Here, ninety genes of the transforming growth factorβ-BMP signalling pathway werescreened by qPCR. Furthermore, the protein expression of genes of interest was further investigatedby immune-staining and semi-quantitative microscopy. IVDs of three DISH patients were testedagainst three control patients (same disc level and similar age). Early Growth Response 2 (EGR2)and Interleukin 6 (IL6) were both significantly up-regulated in DISH-IVD cells compared to controls(12.8±7.6-fold and 54.0±46.5-fold, respectively, means±SEM). Furthermore, Insulin-like GrowthFactor 1 (IGF1) tended to be up-regulated in DISH-IVD donors, i.e., 174.13±120.6-fold. IGF1 wasalready known as a serum marker for DISH and other rheumatoid diseases and is confirmed here toplay a possible key role in DISH-IVD.
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