Cellular and Molecular Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Maltha, Jaap C.; Krishnan, Vinod; Kuijpers-Jagtman, Anne Marie (2021). Cellular and Molecular Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movement. In: Krishnan, Vinod; Kuijpers-Jagtman, Anne-Marie; Davidovitch, Ze’ev (eds.) Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement (3rd ed.) (pp. 33-48). Wiley 10.1002/9781119608912.ch3

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Orthodontic tooth movement is the result of a goal‐oriented application of an external force to a complex biological system. For a proper understanding of the processes underlying this complicated system, knowledge of its constituents is necessary. Therefore, this chapter begins with a description of the morphology and physical characteristics of fiber systems and the ground substance of the extracellular matrix, and a description of the different cell types involved in the synthesis and turnover of this matrix. Also, the biomechanical characteristics of the periodontal ligament are described. Orthodontic tooth movement is a result of mutual interactions between cells and between cells and the extracellular matrix. General systems of cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions are described in detail. Tooth movement and the different phases that can be distinguished in this process are explained. Each phase is characterized by specific cell biological regulatory systems. Particular attention will be given to the linear phase in which a mechanosensory system is responsible for a cascade of events that ultimately leads to bone resorption at the leading side and bone deposition at the trailing side of the moving tooth.

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