Facilitated Qualitative Determination of Insulin, Its Synthetic Analogs, and C-Peptide in Human Urine by Means of LC–HRMS

Thomas, Andreas; Benzenberg, Lukas; Bally, Lia; Thevis, Mario (2021). Facilitated Qualitative Determination of Insulin, Its Synthetic Analogs, and C-Peptide in Human Urine by Means of LC–HRMS. Metabolites, 11(5) MDPI 10.3390/metabo11050309

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The increasing importance to determine bioactive peptide hormones such as insulin, its synthetic analogs, and C-peptide in urine samples represents an analytical challenge. The physiological concentrations of insulin in urine are commonly found at sub-ng/mL levels and thus represent a complex analytical task. C-peptide concentrations, on the other hand, tend to be in the moderate ng/mL range and are hence much easier to determine. Insulin and C-peptide are important in the diagnostics and management of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and are also particularly relevant target analytes in professional sports and forensics. All insulins are classified on the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) list of prohibited substances and methods in sports with a minimum required performance level (MRPL) of 50 pg/mL. Until now, methods combining immunoextraction and subsequent mass spectrometric detection have mostly been used for this purpose. With the method developed here, sample preparation has been simplified considerably and does not require an antibody-based sample purification. This was achieved by a sophisticated mixed-mode solid-phase extraction and subsequent separation with liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Included target insulins were human, lispro, glulisine, aspart, glargine metabolite, degludec, and additionally, human C-peptide. The method was validated for the synthetic insulin analogs considering WADA requirements including specificity, limit of detection (10-25 pg/mL), limit of identification, recovery (25-100%), robustness, carry over (<2%), and matrix effects. All sample preparation steps were controlled by two stable isotope-labeled internal standards, namely, [[2H10] LeuB6, B11, B15, B17]-insulin and [[13C6] Leu26, 30] C-peptide. Finally, the method was applied to samples from patients with diabetes mellitus treated with synthetic insulins.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Endocrinology (DFKE) > Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition

UniBE Contributor:

Bally, Lia Claudia

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health

ISSN:

2218-1989

Publisher:

MDPI

Language:

English

Submitter:

Laura Goetschi

Date Deposited:

01 Jul 2021 10:29

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 15:51

Publisher DOI:

10.3390/metabo11050309

PubMed ID:

34065812

BORIS DOI:

10.48350/157194

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/157194

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