Crosstalk between γδ T cells and the microbiota.

Papotto, Pedro H; Yilmaz, Bahtiyar; Silva-Santos, Bruno (2021). Crosstalk between γδ T cells and the microbiota. Nature microbiology, 6(9), pp. 1110-1117. Springer Nature 10.1038/s41564-021-00948-2

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The role of the microbiota in the development and function of γδ T cells-a T cell subset characterized by a T cell receptor composed of one γ-chain and one δ-chain-has been investigated in multiple organs in mice and humans. Interactions between the microbiota and γδ T cells affect both tissue homeostasis and disease pathologies. Notably, microbiota-induced interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing-γδ T cells can mediate a range of immunological processes, from metabolic disorders to neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis. However, the bidirectional interactions between γδ T cells and the microbiota have not been fully determined. In this Perspective, we dissect the roles of microbiota in modulating γδ T cell development and function, and evaluate the evidence for γδ T cell selection of commensal communities. We also discuss the potential implications of these cells in health and disease and the major open questions and research avenues in the field.

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