Extreme climatic events in the ocean

Frölicher, Thomas L. (2019). Extreme climatic events in the ocean. In: Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés M.; Cheung, William W.L.; Ota, Yoshitaka (eds.) Predicting future oceans (pp. 53-60). Elsevier 10.1016/B978-0-12-817945-1.00005-8

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Marine heat waves (MHWs)—prolonged periods of anomalously high ocean temperatures—have occurred in all ocean basins over the last few years with detrimental impacts on marine ecosystems and cascading impacts on economies and societies. The number of MHW days has doubled between 1982 and 2016, and about 90% of today’s observed MHWs have an anthropogenic component. MHWs will increase in frequency, intensity, and duration under future global warming. This increase will likely push marine organisms, fisheries, and ecosystems to the limits of their resilience or beyond, especially those with reduced mobility such as coral reefs.

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