Periodontal microorganisms and Alzheimer disease - A causative relationship?

Jungbauer, Gert; Stähli, Alexandra; Zhu, Xilei; Auber Alberi, Lavinia; Sculean, Anton; Eick, Sigrun (2022). Periodontal microorganisms and Alzheimer disease - A causative relationship? Periodontology 2000, 89(1), pp. 59-82. Wiley 10.1111/prd.12429

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In the initiation or exacerbation of Alzheimer disease, the dissemination of oral microorganisms into the brain tissue or the low-level systemic inflammation have been speculated to play a role. However, the impact of oral microorganisms, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and the potential causative relationship is still unclear. The present review has critically reviewed the literature by examining the following aspects: (a) the oral microbiome and the immune response in the elderly population, (b) human studies on the association between periodontal and gut microorganisms and Alzheimer disease, (c) animal and in vitro studies on microorganisms and Alzheimer disease, and (d) preventive and therapeutic approaches. Factors contributing to microbial dysbiosis seem to be aging, local inflammation, systemic diseases, wearing of dentures, living in nursing homes and no access to adequate oral hygiene measures. Porphyromonas gingivalis was detectable in post-mortem brain samples. Microbiome analyses of saliva samples or oral biofilms showed a decreased microbial diversity and a different composition in Alzheimer disease compared to cognitively healthy subjects. Many in-vitro and animal studies underline the potential of P gingivalis to induce Alzheimer disease-related alterations. In animal models, recurring applications of P gingivalis or its components increased pro-inflammatory mediators and β-amyloid in the brain and deteriorated the animals' cognitive performance. Since periodontitis is the result of a disturbed microbial homoeostasis, an effect of periodontal therapy on the oral microbiome and host response related to cognitive parameters may be suggested and should be elucidated in further clinical trials.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Review Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > School of Dental Medicine > Periodontics Research
04 Faculty of Medicine > School of Dental Medicine > Department of Periodontology
04 Faculty of Medicine > School of Dental Medicine

Graduate School:

Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB)

UniBE Contributor:

Jungbauer, Gert, Stähli, Alexandra Beatrice, Zhu, Xilei, Sculean, Anton, Eick, Sigrun

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health

ISSN:

1600-0757

Publisher:

Wiley

Language:

English

Submitter:

Pubmed Import

Date Deposited:

07 Mar 2022 08:57

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 16:12

Publisher DOI:

10.1111/prd.12429

PubMed ID:

35244967

BORIS DOI:

10.48350/166585

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/166585

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