Is Lone Hypertension a Risk Factor for More Severe COVID-19 Outcomes?

Shalaeva, Evgeniya V; Shadmanov, Alisher К; Azizova, Feruza L; Mirakhmedova, Khilola T; Messerli, Franz H; Franco, Oscar H; Saner, Hugo (2022). Is Lone Hypertension a Risk Factor for More Severe COVID-19 Outcomes? Global heart, 17(1), p. 17. Ubiquity Press 10.5334/gh.1099

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Background

Based on current evidence, it is not clear whether lone hypertension increases the risk for severe illness from COVID-19, or if increased risk is mainly associated with age, obesity and diabetes. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether lone hypertension is associated with increase mortality or a more severe course of COVID-19, and if treatment and control of hypertension mitigates this risk.

Methods

This is a prospective multi-center observational cohort study with 30-day outcomes of 9,531 consecutive SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients ≥ 18 years old (41.9 ± 9.7 years, 49.2% male), Uzbekistan, June 1-September 30, 2020. Patients were subclassified according to JNC8 criteria into six blood pressure stages. Univariable and multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine how variables predict outcomes.

Results

The 30-days all-cause mortality was 1.18% (n = 112) in the whole cohort. After adjusting for age, sex, history of myocardial infarction (MI), type-2 diabetes, and obesity, none of six JNC8 groups showed any significant difference in all-cause mortality. However, age was associated with an increased risk of 30-days all-cause mortality (OR = 1.09, 95%CI [1.07-1.12], p < 0.001), obesity (OR = 7.18, 95% CI [4.18-12.44], p < 0.001), diabetes (OR 4.18, 95% CI [2.58-6.76], p < 0.001), and history of MI (OR = 2.68, 95% CI [1.67-4.31], p < 0.001). In the sensitivity test, being ≥ 65 years old increased mortality 10.56-fold (95% CI [5.89-18.92], p < 0.001). Hospital admission was 12.4% (n = 1,183), ICU admission 1.38% (n = 132). The odds of hospitalization increased having stage-2 untreated hypertension (OR = 4.51, 95%CI [3.21-6.32], p < 0.001), stage-1 untreated hypertension (OR = 1.97, 95%CI [1.52-2.56], p < 0.001), and elevated blood pressure (OR = 1.82, 95% CI [1.42-2.34], p < 0.001). Neither stage-1 nor stage-2 treated hypertension patients were at statistically significant increased risk for hospitalization after adjusting for confounders. Presenting with stage-2 untreated hypertension increased the odds of ICU admission (OR = 3.05, 95 %CI [1.57-5.93], p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Lone hypertension did not increase COVID-19 mortality or in treated patients risk of hospitalization.

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