Novel Titanium Nanospike Structure Using Low-Energy Helium Ion Bombardment for the Transgingival Part of a Dental Implant.

Mukaddam, Khaled; Astasov-Frauenhoffer, Monika; Fasler-Kan, Elizaveta; Marot, Laurent; Kisiel, Marcin; Steiner, Roland; Sanchez, Fabien; Meyer, Ernst; Köser, Joachim; Bornstein, Michael M; Kühl, Sebastian (2022). Novel Titanium Nanospike Structure Using Low-Energy Helium Ion Bombardment for the Transgingival Part of a Dental Implant. Nanomaterials, 12(7) MDPI 10.3390/nano12071065

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AIM(S)

The aim of the study was to fabricate a nanospike surface on a titanium alloy surface using a newly established method of low-energy helium ion bombardment. Various methods to achieve nanospike formation on titanium have been introduced recently, and their antibacterial properties have been mainly investigated with respect to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Oral pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis play an important role in the development of peri-implantitis. For that reason, the antibacterial properties of the novel, nanostructured titanium surface against P. gingivalis were assessed, and a possible effect on the viability of gingival fibroblasts was evaluated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Helium sputtering was employed for developing titanium surfaces with nanospikes of 500 nm (ND) in height; commercially available smooth-machined (MD) and sandblasted and acid-etched titanium disks (SLA) were used as controls. Surface structure characterization was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Following incubation with P. gingivalis, antibacterial properties were determined via conventional culturing and SEM. Additionally, the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was tested through MTT assay, and cell morphology was assessed through SEM.

RESULTS

SEM images confirmed the successful establishment of a nanospike surface with required heights, albeit with heterogeneity. AFM images of the 500 nm nanospike surface revealed that the roughness is dominated by large-scale hills and valleys. For frame sizes of 5 × 5 μm and smaller, the average roughness is dominated by the height of the titanium spikes. ND successfully induces dysmorphisms within P. gingivalis cultures following the incubation period, while conventional culturing reveals a 17% and 20% reduction for ND compared to MD and SLA, respectively. Moreover, the nanospike surfaces did not affect the viability of human growth fibroblasts despite their sharp surface.

CONCLUSION(S)

This study successfully developed a novel titanium-nanospike-based structuration technique for titanium surfaces. In addition, the nanospikes did not hinder gingival fibroblast viability. Enhanced antimicrobial effects for such a novel nanospike-based resurfacing technique can be achieved through further optimizations for nanospike spacing and height parameters.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > BioMedical Research (DBMR) > Unit Childrens Hospital > Research Group Pediatric Surgery
04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Endocrinology (DFKE) > Clinic of Paediatric Surgery

UniBE Contributor:

Fasler-Kan, Elizaveta

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health

ISSN:

2079-4991

Publisher:

MDPI

Language:

English

Submitter:

Pubmed Import

Date Deposited:

13 Apr 2022 14:57

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 16:18

Publisher DOI:

10.3390/nano12071065

PubMed ID:

35407183

Uncontrolled Keywords:

antibacterial gingival fibroblast nanospike surface titanium

BORIS DOI:

10.48350/169283

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/169283

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