Sex and gender differences in anticancer treatment toxicity - a call for revisiting drug dosing in oncology.

Özdemir, Berna C; Gerard, Camille L; Espinosa da Silva, Cristina (2022). Sex and gender differences in anticancer treatment toxicity - a call for revisiting drug dosing in oncology. Endocrinology, 163(6) Endocrine Society 10.1210/endocr/bqac058

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The practice of oncology has dramatically changed in the last decade with the introduction of molecular tumor profiling into routine tumor diagnostics and the extraordinary progress in immunotherapies. However, there remains an unmet need to explore personalized dosing strategies that take into account the patient's sex to optimize the balance between efficacy and toxicity for each individual patient. In this mini-review, we summarize the evidence on sex differences in toxicity of anticancer therapies and present data on dose reduction and dose discontinuation rates for selected chemotherapies and targeted therapies. Finally, we propose the investigation of body composition (specifically fat free muscle mass) as a viable approach for personalized treatment dosage.

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