Harrell, Carl Randall; Volarevic, Vladislav; Djonov, Valentin; Volarevic, Ana (2022). Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes Derived from Adipose Tissue-Sourced Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Neural and Retinal Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences, 23(9) MDPI 10.3390/ijms23094487
|
Text
ijms-23-04487.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY). Download (316kB) | Preview |
Therapeutic agents that are able to prevent or attenuate inflammation and ischemia-induced injury of neural and retinal cells could be used for the treatment of neural and retinal diseases. Exosomes derived from adipose tissue-sourced mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSC-Exos) are extracellular vesicles that contain neurotrophins, immunoregulatory and angio-modulatory factors secreted by their parental cells. AT-MSC-Exos are enriched with bioactive molecules (microRNAs (miRNAs), enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, immunoregulatory, trophic, and growth factors), that alleviate inflammation and promote the survival of injured cells in neural and retinal tissues. Due to the nano-sized dimension and bilayer lipid envelope, AT-MSC-Exos easily bypass blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers and deliver their cargo directly into the target cells. Accordingly, a large number of experimental studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of AT-MSC-Exos in the treatment of neural and retinal diseases. By delivering neurotrophins, AT-MSC-Exos prevent apoptosis of injured neurons and retinal cells and promote neuritogenesis. AT-MSC-Exos alleviate inflammation in the injured brain, spinal cord, and retinas by delivering immunoregulatory factors in immune cells, suppressing their inflammatory properties. AT-MSC-Exos may act as biological mediators that deliver pro-angiogenic miRNAs in endothelial cells, enabling re-vascularization of ischemic neural and retinal tissues. Herewith, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms which were responsible for the beneficial effects of AT-MSC-Exos in the treatment of neural and retinal diseases, emphasizing their therapeutic potential in neurology and ophthalmology.
Item Type: |
Journal Article (Review Article) |
|---|---|
Division/Institute: |
04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > Institute of Anatomy |
UniBE Contributor: |
Djonov, Valentin Georgiev |
Subjects: |
600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health |
ISSN: |
1422-0067 |
Publisher: |
MDPI |
Language: |
English |
Submitter: |
Pubmed Import |
Date Deposited: |
16 May 2022 16:19 |
Last Modified: |
05 Dec 2022 16:19 |
Publisher DOI: |
10.3390/ijms23094487 |
PubMed ID: |
35562878 |
Uncontrolled Keywords: |
adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells exosomes neural diseases retinal diseases therapy |
BORIS DOI: |
10.48350/170049 |
URI: |
https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/170049 |
Actions (login required)
 |
Edit item |