CaSSIS-based stereo products for Mars after three years in orbit

Re, Cristina; Fennema, Audrie; Simioni, Emanuele; Sutton, Sarah; Mège, Daniel; Gwinner, Klaus; Józefowicz, Mateusz; Munaretto, Giovanni; Pajola, Maurizio; Petrella, Amedeo; Pommerol, Antoine; Cremonese, Gabriele; Thomas, Nicolas (2022). CaSSIS-based stereo products for Mars after three years in orbit. Planetary and space science, 219, p. 105515. Elsevier 10.1016/j.pss.2022.105515

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The Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS) on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), operating in push-frame mode, provides multiband images at
four different wavelengths thanks to a Filter Strip Assembly with a panchromatic filter and three broadband filters within the visible and near infrared range. The
camera acquires stereo pairs fundamental for the initialization of the photogrammetric process to perform three-dimensional reconstruction of the Martian surface at
the best resolution of 4.6 m per pixel for regions up to ~400 km2 in one imaging sequence.
The 3D points derived from the stereo processing are used to generate Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) with height accuracy on the order of one image pixel on
ground allowing high-resolution morphometric studies and in general improving the understanding of the geology and geomorphology of the surface of Mars.
This work provides a review of the CaSSIS stereo products supported by a description of the applied methods and examines some specific approaches directed to
science analysis. Furthermore, our development of methods is herein focused on the proof of concept and the performance of our dedicated pipeline. The DTM
generation procedure has been implemented in a stereo photogrammetric pipeline by the team of the National Institute for Astrophysics-Astronomical Observatory of
Padova (INAF-OAPd). The workflow is based on area-based image matching integrated in a multi-resolution approach where the quality of the image matching largely
determines the quality of the output DTM. For this reason, the influence of the parameters involved in the matching process (i.e. number of tie-points, template sizes
and shape models in matching) has been studied.
CaSSIS stereo products have been generated for approximately 0.1% of the surface of Mars and 16.3% of the total stereo images acquired so far. In this work, some
scientifically interesting targets have been considered in the investigation to provide an overview of the quality of the stereo results.
The experimental studies related to stereo analysis frequently led to comparison tests since they represent the best approach for contributing to the methodological
consolidation of the photogrammetric data processing. The quality assessment based on comparison with reference terrain data is very promising also in considering
areas with different surface type and morphologies.

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