Accuracy of end-on fluoroscopy in predicting implant position in relation to the vertebral canal in dogs.

Goffart, Laura M; Precht, Maria Christina; Fosgate, Geoffrey T; Maiolini, Arianna; Hettlich, Bianca F (2022). Accuracy of end-on fluoroscopy in predicting implant position in relation to the vertebral canal in dogs. Frontiers in veterinary science, 9(982560), p. 982560. Frontiers Media 10.3389/fvets.2022.982560

Preview

Text fvets-09-982560.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY). Download (549kB) | Preview

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of end-on fluoroscopy in predicting implant position in relation to the vertebral canal in the canine thoracolumbar vertebral column.

Study design

In vitro imaging and anatomic study.

Animals

Canine cadaveric thoracolumbar vertebral columns (n = 5).

Methods

Smooth Steinmann pins were inserted bicortically into the thoracolumbar vertebral columns between T10 and L7 using recommended insertion angles. Penetration of the spinal canal was not strictly avoided. After pin placement, end-on fluoroscopy images were obtained of each pin. Pin position was subsequently assessed by four evaluators and determined to either being out of the vertebral canal or in, with the latter being additionally divided into partially or completely penetrating the canal. To assess potential differences in modalities, fluoroscopy images were gray-scale inverted and evaluated again later by the same four individuals. Correct identification of pin position in relationship to the vertebral canal was assessed for both fluoroscopy images. Anatomic preparation of the spines was used for verification of pin position in relation to the spinal canal. Some data from this study were compared with historical data on accuracy using orthogonal radiography and computed tomography (CT).

Results

Overall sensitivity and specificity of F to detect vertebral canal penetration was 98.8 % (95% confidence interval (CI), 96.0-99.6) and 98.0% (95% CI, 77.0-99.9), respectively. For Fi, sensitivity and specificity were 97.0% (95% CI, 91.5-99.0) and 98.5% (95% CI, 81.5-99.9) respectively. F exceeded Fi for the sensitivity of detecting pin penetration into the vertebral canal (p = 0.039) but specificities were not different (p = 0.585). When comparing to historical data, the overall accuracy of end-on fluoroscopy (F) and inverted fluoroscopy (Fi) was statistical better than conventional radiographic assessment (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

End-on fluoroscopy is a highly accurate method for the assessment of pin position in relationship to the thoracolumbar spinal canal in cadaveric dogs.

Clinical significance

End-on fluoroscopy, with or without inversion, is accurate in identifying vertebral canal violation by bicortically placed Steinmann pins. When CT is not available, end-on fluoroscopy might be a valuable imaging modality to determine pin position in the canine vertebral column.

Interest & Impact

Downloads

32 since deposited on 08 Nov 2022
32 in the past 12 months

Citations

5 Citations in Web of Science ®
6 Citations in Scopus

Search

in Google Scholar™

Services

Actions (login required)

Edit item

Actions (login required)

Edit item