Modeling Brain Vasculature Immune Interactions In Vitro

Lyck, Ruth; Nishihara, Hideaki; Aydin, Sidar; Soldati, Sasha; Engelhardt, Britta (2023). Modeling Brain Vasculature Immune Interactions In Vitro. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 13(9), a041185. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 10.1101/cshperspect.a041185

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The endothelial blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects central nervous system (CNS) neurons
from the changeable milieu of the bloodstream by strictly controlling the movement of molecules
and immune cells between the blood and the CNS. Immune cell migration across the
vascular wall is a multistep process regulated by the sequential interaction of different signaling
and adhesion molecules on the endothelium and the immune cells. Accounting for its
unique barrier properties and trafficking molecule expression profile, particular adaptions in
immune cell migration across the BBB have been observed. Thus, in vitro models of the BBB
are desirable to explore the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in immune
cell trafficking across the BBB. The challenge to overcome is that barrier properties of brain
microvascular endothelial cells are not intrinsic and readily lost in culture. With a focus on
human in vitro BBB models, we here discuss the suitability of available in vitro models for the
BBB for exploring the specific mechanisms involved in immune cell trafficking across the
BBB.

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