Homogenization of daily temperature and humidity series in the UK

Brugnara, Yuri; McCarthy, Mark P.; Willett, Kate M.; Rayner, Nick A. (2022). Homogenization of daily temperature and humidity series in the UK. International journal of climatology, 43(4), pp. 1693-1709. Wiley 10.1002/joc.7941

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Building on previous experience with continental and global data sets, we use a quantile-matching approach to homogenize temperature and humidity series measured by a network of 220 stations in the United Kingdom (UK). The data set spans 160 years at daily resolution, although data coverage varies greatly in time, space, and across variables. We use the homogenized data to analyse trends of the mean values as well as the lowest and highest quantiles of the distribution over the last 100 and 50 years. For the latter period, we find large regional differences, particularly between the southeastern and the northern part of the UK. The southeast has seen a faster warming, particularly for maximum temperatures in spring and summer, and a reduction of relative humidity; the northern mainland has become more humid and only slightly warmer. These differences become more evident for the highest quantiles and reflect a well-known pattern of climate change affecting the extra-tropics. Among the studied variables, the increases of wet bulb temperature and specific humidity are the most spatially homogeneous and are statistically significant for most stations in all seasons except winter.

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