Evidence for protein leverage in a general population sample of children and adolescents.

Saner, Christoph; Senior, Alistair M; Zhang, Hanyue; Eloranta, Aino-Maija; Magnussen, Costan G; Sabin, Matthew A; Juonala, Markus; Janner, Marco; Burgner, David P; Schwab, Ursula; Haapala, Eero A; Heitmann, Berit L; Simpson, Stephen J; Raubenheimer, David; Lakka, Timo A (2023). Evidence for protein leverage in a general population sample of children and adolescents. European journal of clinical nutrition, 77(6), pp. 652-659. Springer Nature 10.1038/s41430-023-01276-w

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

The strong regulation of protein intake can lead to overconsumption of total energy on diets with a low proportion of energy from protein, a process referred to as protein leverage. The protein leverage hypothesis posits that protein leverage explains variation in energy intake and potentially obesity in ecological settings. Here, we tested for protein leverage and the protein leverage hypothesis in children and adolescents.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

A population sample of children, mean (SD) age 7.6 (0.4) years (n = 422), followed up at age 9.8 (0.4) years (n = 387) and at age 15.8 (0.4) years (n = 229), participating for the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study.

EXPOSURES

4-day food records-related proportional energy intake of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

OUTCOMES

energy intake, body mass index (BMI) z-score and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-related energy expenditure.

RESULTS

Proportional energy intake of proteins was inversely associated with energy intake following power functions at all 3 ages (mean [95%CI] strength of leverage of L = -0.36 [-0.47 to -0.25]; L = -0.26 [-0.37 to -0.15]; L = -0.25 [-0.38 to -0.13]; all P < 0.001). Mixture analysis indicated that variance in energy intake was associated primarily with the proportional intake of energy from proteins, not with either fats or carbohydrates. At all 3 ages, energy intake was not associated with BMI z-score but positively associated with energy expenditure (all P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides evidence consistent with protein leverage in a population sample of children and adolescents. Increased energy intake on diets with lower protein content was counterbalanced by increased energy expenditure and therefore did not translate into increased adiposity.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Endocrinology (DFKE) > Clinic of Paediatric Medicine
04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Endocrinology (DFKE) > Clinic of Paediatric Medicine > Endocrinology/Metabolic Disorders
04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > BioMedical Research (DBMR) > Unit Childrens Hospital > Forschungsgruppe Endokrinologie / Diabetologie / Metabolik (Pädiatrie)

UniBE Contributor:

Saner, Christoph, Janner, Marco

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health

ISSN:

1476-5640

Publisher:

Springer Nature

Language:

English

Submitter:

Pubmed Import

Date Deposited:

17 Feb 2023 14:55

Last Modified:

09 Jun 2023 00:13

Publisher DOI:

10.1038/s41430-023-01276-w

PubMed ID:

36797489

BORIS DOI:

10.48350/178896

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/178896

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