Soft tissue contour changes at implant sites with or without soft tissue grafting in the esthetic zone: a retrospective case-control study with a 12-year follow-up.

Bienz, Stefan P; Ruales Carrera, Edwin; Hüsler, Jürg; Roccuzzo, Andrea; Jung, Ronald E; Thoma, Daniel S (2023). Soft tissue contour changes at implant sites with or without soft tissue grafting in the esthetic zone: a retrospective case-control study with a 12-year follow-up. Clinical oral implants research, 34(5), pp. 521-530. Wiley-Blackwell 10.1111/clr.14058

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OBJECTIVES

to evaluate the volumetric changes and peri-implant health at implant sites with and without previous soft tissue grafting over a 12-year observation period.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Eighteen patients received dental implants and simultaneous guided bone regeneration in the esthetic zone (15-25) for dental rehabilitation. Three months following implant placement, 8 patients (test) received an additional subepithelial connective tissue graft, whereas 10 patients (control) did not receive any additional regenerative treatment. One week after prothesis delivery and at the 5- and 12-years follow-up examination, impressions were taken. Obtained casts were processed for profilometric and linear analyses. The mean distance (MD) in the mid-buccal area between the two surfaces was considered the primary outcome. Peri-implant health was assessed based on clinical and radiographic data.

RESULTS

Nine female and 7 male patients were re-assessed after a median follow-up time of 144.5 months (Min: 114.8; Max: 213.0). The median reduction of MD amounted to -0.81 mm (Min: -1.39; Max: 0.52) in the test group and -0.56 mm (Min: -0.93; Max: 0.11) in the control group, (intergroup comparison p=0.607, CI 95%: -0.760 / 0.530). None of the implants was diagnosed with peri-implantitis. Six test and 2 control implants were diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis (p=0.103).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the limited number of included patients, similar results in terms of volumetric, linear changes and peri-implant conditions could be detected at implant sites with or without soft tissue grafting over a period of 12 years.

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