Titanium oxide and chemical inhomogeneity in the atmosphere of the exoplanet WASP-189 b

Prinoth, Bibiana; Hoeijmakers, H. Jens; Kitzmann, Daniel; Sandvik, Elin; Seidel, Julia V.; Lendl, Monika; Borsato, Nicholas W.; Thorsbro, Brian; Anderson, David R.; Barrado, David; Kravchenko, Kateryna; Allart, Romain; Bourrier, Vincent; Cegla, Heather M.; Ehrenreich, David; Fisher, Chloe; Lovis, Christophe; Guzmán-Mesa, Andrea; Grimm, Simon; Hooton, Matthew; ... (2022). Titanium oxide and chemical inhomogeneity in the atmosphere of the exoplanet WASP-189 b. Nature astronomy, 6(4), pp. 449-457. Springer Nature 10.1038/s41550-021-01581-z

[img] Text
s41550-021-01581-z.pdf - Published Version
Restricted to registered users only
Available under License Publisher holds Copyright.

Download (5MB)

The temperature of an atmosphere decreases with increasing altitude, unless a shortwave absorber that causes a temperature inversion exists1. Ozone plays this role in the Earth’s atmosphere. In the atmospheres of highly irradiated exoplanets, the shortwave absorbers are predicted to be titanium oxide (TiO) and vanadium oxide (VO)2. Detections of TiO and VO have been claimed using both low-3,4,5,6 and high-7 spectral-resolution observations, but subsequent observations have failed to confirm these claims8,9,10 or overturned them11,12,13. Here we report the unambiguous detection of TiO in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189 b14 using high-resolution transmission spectroscopy. This detection is based on applying the cross-correlation technique15 to many spectral lines of TiO from 460 to 690 nm. Moreover, we report detections of metals, including neutral and singly ionized iron and titanium, as well as chromium, magnesium, vanadium and manganese (Fe, Fe+, Ti, Ti+, Cr, Mg, V, Mn). The line positions of the detected species differ, which we interpret as a consequence of spatial gradients in their chemical abundances, such that they exist in different regions or dynamical regimes. This is direct observational evidence for the three-dimensional thermochemical stratification of an exoplanet atmosphere derived from high-resolution ground-based spectroscopy.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

08 Faculty of Science > Physics Institute > Space Research and Planetary Sciences
08 Faculty of Science > Physics Institute
10 Strategic Research Centers > Center for Space and Habitability (CSH)
08 Faculty of Science > Physics Institute > NCCR PlanetS

UniBE Contributor:

Kitzmann, Daniel, Fisher, Chloe Elizabeth, Guzman Mesa, Andrea, Grimm, Simon Lukas, Hooton, Matthew John, Morris, Brett Michael, Heng, Kevin

Subjects:

500 Science > 520 Astronomy
500 Science > 530 Physics
600 Technology > 620 Engineering

ISSN:

2397-3366

Publisher:

Springer Nature

Language:

English

Submitter:

Danielle Zemp

Date Deposited:

09 Mar 2023 10:30

Last Modified:

09 Mar 2023 23:27

Publisher DOI:

10.1038/s41550-021-01581-z

BORIS DOI:

10.48350/179709

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/179709

Actions (login required)

Edit item Edit item
Provide Feedback