Denegri, Andrea; Magnani, Giulia; Kraler, Simon; Bruno, Francesco; Klingenberg, Roland; Mach, Francois; Gencer, Baris; Räber, Lorenz; Rodondi, Nicolas; Rossi, Valentina A; Matter, Christian M; Nanchen, David; Obeid, Slayman; Lüscher, Thomas F (2023). History of peripheral artery disease and cardiovascular risk of real-word patients with acute coronary syndrome: Role of inflammation and comorbidities. International journal of cardiology, 382, pp. 76-82. Elsevier 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.03.043
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1-s2.0-S0167527323004540-main.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to registered users only until 2 July 2024. Available under License Publisher holds Copyright. Download (1MB) | Request a copy |
BACKGROUND
Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remain at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) recurrences. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) may identify a very high risk (VHR) group who may derive greater benefit from intensified secondary prevention.
METHODS
Among ACS-patients enrolled in the prospective multi-center Special Program University Medicine (SPUM), we assessed the impact of PAD on major cardiovascular events (MACE: composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause death) and major bleeding. Multivariate analysis tested the relation of each significant variable with MACE, as well as biomarkers of inflammation and novel markers of atherogenesis.
RESULTS
Out of 4787 ACS patients, 6.0% (n = 285) had PAD. PAD-patients were older (p < 0.001), with established CVD and signs of increased persistent inflammation (hs-CRP; 23.6 ± 46.5 vs 10.4 ± 27.2 mg/l, p < 0.001 and sFlt-1; 1399.5 ± 1501.3 vs 1047.2 ± 1378.6 ng/l, p = 0.018). In-hospital-death (3.2% vs 1.4%, p = 0.022) and -MACE (5.6% vs 3.0%, p = 0.017) were higher in PAD-patients. MACE at 1 year (18.6% vs 7.9%,p < 0.001) remained increased even after adjustment for confounders (Adj. HR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.14-2.08, p = 0.005). Major bleeding did not differ between groups (Adj. HR 1.18; 95% CI 0.71-1.97, p = 0.512). Although PAD predicted MACE, PAD-patients were prescribed less frequently for secondary prevention at discharge.
CONCLUSIONS
In this real-world ACS patient cohort, concomitant PAD is a marker of VHR and is associated with increased and persistent inflammation, higher risk for MACE without an increased risk of major bleeding. Therefore, a history of PAD may be useful to identify those ACS patients at VHR who require more aggressive secondary prevention.
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