How has climate responded to natural perturbations?

Wolff, Eric W.; Harrison, Sandy P.; Knutti, Reto; Sanchez-Goñi, Maria Fernanda; Wild, Oliver; Danlau, Anne-Laure; Masson-Delmotte, Valérie; Prentice, I. Colin; Spahni, Renato (2012). How has climate responded to natural perturbations? In: Cornell, Sarah E.; Prentice, I. Colin; House, Joanna I.; Downy, Catherine J. (eds.) Understanding the Earth System. Global Change Science for Application (pp. 72-101). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 10.1017/CBO9780511921155.006

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In this chapter, we describe and explain some of the patterns observed in the behaviour of Earth’s climate system. We explain some of the causes of the climate’s natural variability, setting contemporary climate change in its longer-term context. We describe the various lines of evidence about climate forcing and the feedbacks that determine the responses to perturbations, and the way in which reconstructions of past climates can be used in combination with models and contemporary observations of change.

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