Influence of the Level of Compliance with Preventive Maintenance Therapy upon the Prevalence of Peri-Implant Diseases: A cross-sectional study.

Leone, Francesco Di; Blasi, Gonzalo; Amerio, Ettore; Valles, Cristina; Nart, José; Monje, Alberto (2024). Influence of the Level of Compliance with Preventive Maintenance Therapy upon the Prevalence of Peri-Implant Diseases: A cross-sectional study. Journal of periodontology, 95(1), pp. 40-49. Wiley 10.1002/JPER.23-0048

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BACKGROUND

A study was made to evaluate peri-implant conditions in compliers and erratic compliers with peri-implant maintenance therapy (PIMT), and to assess the role of site-specific confounders.

METHODS

Erratic PIMT compliers (EC) were defined as presenting attendance < 2x/year, while regular compliers (RC) attended ≥ 2x/year. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to perform a multivariable multilevel analysis in which the peri-implant condition was established as dependent variable.

RESULTS

Overall, 86 non-smoker patients (42 RC and 44 EC) attending the department of periodontology of the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya were recruited consecutively on a cross-sectional basis. The mean period of loading was 9.5y. An implant placed in an erratic patient has 88% higher probability of presenting peri-implant diseases versus RC. Furthermore, the probability of diagnosis of peri-implantitis was significantly higher in EC vs RC (OR 5.26; 95% CI: 1.51 - 18.29) (p = 0.009). Among other factors, history of periodontitis, non-hygienic prosthesis, period of implant loading and Modified Plaque Index (MPI) at implant level were shown to significantly increase the risk of peri-implantitis diagnosis. Although not associated with peri-implantitis diagnosis risk, keratinized mucosa (KM) width and vestibular depth (VD) were significantly associated to plaque accumulation (mPI).

CONCLUSIONS

Compliance with PIMT was found to be significantly associated with peri-implant status. In this sense, attending PIMT < 2x/year may not be sufficient to prevent peri-implantitis. These outcomes should be limited to a non-smokers population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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