Multiscale Multimodal Characterization and Simulation of Structural Alterations in Failed Bioprosthetic Heart Valves.

Tsolaki, Elena; Corso, Pascal; Zboray, Robert; Avaro, Jonathan; Appel, Christian; Liebi, Marianne; Bertazzo, Sergio; Heinisch, Paul Philipp; Carrel, Thierry; Obrist, Dominik; Herrmann, Inge K (2023). Multiscale Multimodal Characterization and Simulation of Structural Alterations in Failed Bioprosthetic Heart Valves. Acta biomaterialia, 169, pp. 138-154. Elsevier 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.044

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Calcific degeneration is the most frequent type of heart valve failure, with rising incidence due to the ageing population. The gold standard treatment to date is valve replacement. Unfortunately, calcification oftentimes re-occurs in bioprosthetic substitutes, with the governing processes remaining poorly understood. Here, we present a multiscale, multimodal analysis of disturbances and extensive mineralisation of the collagen network in failed bioprosthetic bovine pericardium valve explants with full histoanatomical context. In addition to highly abundant mineralized collagen fibres and fibrils, calcified micron-sized particles previously discovered in native valves were also prevalent on the aortic as well as the ventricular surface of bioprosthetic valves. The two mineral types (fibres and particles) were detectable even in early-stage mineralisation, prior to any macroscopic calcification. Based on multiscale multimodal characterisation and high-fidelity simulations, we demonstrate that mineral occurrence coincides with regions exposed to high haemodynamic and biomechanical indicators. These insights obtained by multiscale analysis of failed bioprosthetic valves may serve as groundwork for the evidence-based development of more durable alternatives. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bioprosthetic valve calcification is a well-known clinically significant phenomenon, leading to valve failure. The nanoanalytical characterisation of bioprosthetic valves gives insights into the highly abundant, extensive calcification and disorganization of the collagen network and the presence of calcium phosphate particles previously reported in native cardiovascular tissues. While the collagen matrix mineralisation can be primarily attributed to a combination of chemical and mechanical alterations, the calcified particles are likely of host cellular origin. This work presents a straightforward route to mineral identification and characterization at high resolution and sensitivity, and with full histoanatomical context, hence providing design cues for improved bioprosthetic valve alternatives.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

10 Strategic Research Centers > ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research > ARTORG Center - Cardiovascular Engineering (CVE)
04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Cardiovascular Disorders (DHGE) > Clinic of Heart Surgery

UniBE Contributor:

Corso, Pascal, Heinisch, Paul Philipp, Carrel, Thierry, Obrist, Dominik

Subjects:

500 Science > 530 Physics
500 Science > 570 Life sciences; biology
600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health
600 Technology > 620 Engineering

ISSN:

1878-7568

Publisher:

Elsevier

Language:

English

Submitter:

Pubmed Import

Date Deposited:

03 Aug 2023 11:20

Last Modified:

27 Feb 2024 14:27

Publisher DOI:

10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.044

Related URLs:

PubMed ID:

37517619

Additional Information:

E. Tsolaki and P. Corso contributed as co-first authors.

Uncontrolled Keywords:

Collagen mineralisation, Calcification, Calcium phosphate, Electron Microscopy, Small Angle X-ray Scattering, Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations

BORIS DOI:

10.48350/185143

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/185143

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