The Root Complex in Posterior Teeth: A Direct Digital Analysis.

Ghishan, Karim O; Couso Queiruga, Emilio; Suárez-López Del Amo, Fernando; Garaicoa-Pazmino, Carlos (2024). The Root Complex in Posterior Teeth: A Direct Digital Analysis. The international journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry, 44(1), pp. 27-37. Quintessence Publishing 10.11607/prd.6529

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The aim of this morphometric study was to precisely determine the three-dimensional characteristics of the root complex of the posterior dentition. Extracted and well-preserved permanent posterior teeth were included in this analysis and grouped based on tooth type and arch location. All teeth were digitally scanned. Morphological and dimensional features of the root complex were assessed, including length and surface area of the root trunk and individual roots, width of root concavities (RC), and furcation entrance, when present. A total of 240 posterior teeth constituted the sample of this study. The root complex of multi-rooted maxillary first premolars presented with a long root trunk (10.49mm), representing 65.52% of the surface area, and two short roots comprising the remaining 34.8% of the surface area. Root trunks of mandibular molars were on average 0.8mm shorter compared to their maxillary counterparts. Class III furcation involvement is expected in all maxillary and mandibular molars as well as multi-rooted maxillary first premolars after 4.80mm and 10.49mm of clinical attachment loss (CAL), respectively. Root concavities were a common finding among the evaluated dentitions. The root complex morphology varies among the maxillary and mandibular posterior dentition. Particularly, the multi-rooted maxillary first premolar presents with unique features exhibiting a long root trunk that encompasses 65% of the root surface area. Root concavities are highly prevalent on both maxillary and mandibular dentition. The findings derived from this study can be utilized in daily clinical practice for the adequate management of posterior dentition and serve as a reference for future investigations in dental anatomy and digital technology. Also, these findings can guide the industry into creating and redefining tools that adequately adapt to the anatomical characteristics and variations of the specific tooth type.

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