Liebrand, Matthias; Katsarakis, Angelos; Josi, Johannes; Diezig, Sarah; Michel, Chantal; Schultze-Lutter, Frauke; Rochas, Vincent; Mancini, Valentina; Kaess, Michael; Hubl, Daniela; Koenig, Thomas; Kindler, Jochen (2024). EEG microstate D as psychosis-specific correlate in adolescents and young adults with clinical high risk for psychosis and first-episode psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 264, pp. 49-57. Elsevier 10.1016/j.schres.2023.11.014
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Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) microstates are brief periods (60–120 ms) of quasi-stable scalp field
potentials, indicating simultaneous activity of large-scale networks. Microstates are assumed to reflect basic
neuronal information processing. A common finding in psychosis spectrum disorders is that microstates classes C
and D are altered. Whereas evidence in adults with schizophrenia is substantial, little is known about effects in
underage patients, particularly in those at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and first-episode psychosis
(FEP). The present study used 74-channel EEG to investigate microstate effects in a large sample of patients with
CHR (n = 100) and FEP (n = 33), clinical controls (CC, n = 18), as well as age-matched healthy controls (HC, n =
68). Subjects span an age range from 9 to 35 years, thus, covering underage patients as well as the most
vulnerable period for the emergence of psychosis and its prodrome. Four EEG microstates classes were analyzed
(A-D). In class D, CHR and FEP patients showed a decrease compared to HC, and CHR patients also to CC. An
increase in class C was found in CHR and FEP compared to HC but not to CC. Results were independent of age
and no differences were found between the psychosis spectrum groups. The findings suggest an age-independent
decrease of microstate class D to be specific to the psychosis spectrum, whereas the increase in class C seems to
reflect unspecific psychopathology. Overall, present data strengthens the role of microstate D as potential
biomarker for psychosis, as early as in adolescence and already in CHR status.
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