Discordance between LDL-C and apolipoprotein B is associated with large-artery-atherosclerosis ischemic stroke in patients ⩽70 years of age.

Kriemler, Lilian; Rudin, Salome; Gawinecka, Joanna; Gross, Felix; Arnold, Markus; Schweizer, Juliane; Westphal, Laura; Inauen, Corinne; Pokorny, Thomas; Dittrich, Tolga; Toebak, Anna; Arnold, Marcel; Christ-Crain, Mirjam; von Eckardstein, Arnold; Rentsch, Katharina; Katan, Mira; De Marchis, Gian Marco (2024). Discordance between LDL-C and apolipoprotein B is associated with large-artery-atherosclerosis ischemic stroke in patients ⩽70 years of age. European stroke journal, 9(2), pp. 494-500. Sage 10.1177/23969873231221619

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and other atherogenic lipoproteins are coated by apolipoprotein B100 (apoB). The correlation between LDL-C and apoB is usually thight, but in some cases LDL-C underestimates apoB levels and residual cardiovascular risk. We aimed to assess if a discordance of LDL-C-levels with apoB levels is associated with LAA stroke.

METHODS

We included patients with an acute ischemic stroke from two prospective studies enrolled at the University Hospital Bern, Basel and Zurich, Switzerland. LDL-C and apoB were measured within 24 h of symptom onset. By linear regression, for each LDL-C, we computed the expected apoB level assuming a perfect correlation. Higher-than-expected apoB was defined as apoB level being in the upper residual tertile.

RESULTS

Overall, we included 1783 patients, of which 260 had a LAA stroke (15%). In the overall cohort, higher-than-expected apoB values were not associated with LAA. However, a significant interaction with age was present. Among the 738 patients ⩽70 years of age, a higher-than-expected apoB was more frequent in patients with LAA- versus non LAA-stroke (48% vs 36%, p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, a higher-than-expected apoB was associated with LAA stroke (aOR = aOR 2.48, 95%CI 1.14-5.38). Among those aged ⩽70 years and with LAA, 11.7% had higher than guideline-recommended apoB despite LDL-C ⩽ 1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dl), compared to 5.9% among patients with other stroke etiologies (p = 0.04). A triglyceride cut-off of ⩾0.95 mmol/L had, in external validation, a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 52% for apoB ⩾ 0.65 g/L among patients with LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients aged ⩽70 years, a higher-than-expected apoB was independently associated with LAA stroke. Measuring apoB may help identify younger stroke patients potentially benefiting from intensified lipid-lowering therapy.

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