Pneumothorax risk reduction during CT-guided lung biopsy - Effect of fluid application to the pleura before lung puncture and the gravitational effect of pleural pressure.

Brönnimann, Michael P; Christe, Andreas; Heverhagen, Johannes T; Gebauer, Bernhard; Auer, Timo A; Schnapauff, Dirk; Collettini, Federico; Schroeder, Christophe; Dorn, Patrick; Ebner, Lukas; Huber, Adrian T (2024). Pneumothorax risk reduction during CT-guided lung biopsy - Effect of fluid application to the pleura before lung puncture and the gravitational effect of pleural pressure. European journal of radiology, 176(111529), p. 111529. Elsevier 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111529

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PURPOSE

This study investigated strategies to reduce pneumothorax risk in CT-guided lung biopsy. The approach involved administering 10 ml of 1 % lidocaine fluid in the subpleural or pleural space before lung puncture and utilizing the gravitational effect of pleural pressure with specific patient positioning.

METHOD

We retrospectively analyzed 72 percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsies performed at a single center between January 2020 and April 2023. These were grouped based on fluid administration during the biopsy and whether the biopsies were conducted in dependent or non-dependent lung regions. Confounding factors like patient demographics, lesion characteristics, and procedural details were assessed. Patient characteristics and the occurrence of pneumothoraces were compared using a Kurskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and a Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify potential confounders.

RESULTS

Subpleural or pleural fluid administration and performing biopsies in dependent lung areas were significantly linked to lower peri-interventional pneumothorax incidence (n = 15; 65 % without fluid in non-dependent areas, n = 5; 42 % without fluid in dependent areas, n = 5; 36 % with fluid in non-dependent areas,n = 0; 0 % with fluid in dependent areas; p = .001). Even after adjusting for various factors, biopsy in dependent areas and fluid administration remained independently associated with reduced pneumothorax risk (OR 0.071, p<=.01 for lesions with fluid administration; OR 0.077, p = .016 for lesions in dependent areas).

CONCLUSIONS

Pre-puncture fluid administration to the pleura and consideration of gravitational effects during patient positioning can effectively decrease pneumothorax occurrences in CT-guided lung biopsy.

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