Khatami, Farnaz; Lange, Theis; Groothof, Dion; Sadat Ahanchi, Noushin; Quezada-Pinedo, Hugo G; Raeisi-Dehkordi, Hamidreza; De Borst, Martin H; Vidal, Pedro-Marques; Sailesh, Mohan; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Bano, Arjola; Bakker, Stephan J L; Muka, Taulant; Eisenga, Michele F (2024). Potential Mediating Role of Iron Biomarkers in the Association of Sex With Glucose, Insulin, and Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 8(7), bvae098. Oxford University Press 10.1210/jendso/bvae098
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CONTEXT
Sex-specific prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether iron biomarkers mediate the association between biological sex and glucose metabolism and the incidence of T2D.
METHODS
We used data from the general population enrolled in the prospective Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-stage Disease study in Groningen, The Netherlands. We measured ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI) levels, and incidence of T2D. We used multivariable regression and mediation analyses to investigate our hypothesis. All iron biomarkers, FPG, and FPI were log-transformed.
RESULTS
The mean (SD) age of the 5312 (51.3% female) individuals was 52.2 (11.6) years. Compared with males, females had lower FPG (β = -.01; 95% CI -0.02, -0.01) and FPI (β = -.03; 95% CI -0.05, -0.02) levels. Ferritin, hepcidin, and sTfR showed potential mediating effects on the association between sex and FPG, 21%, 5%, and 7.1%, respectively. Furthermore, these variables mediated 48.6%, 5.7%, and 3.1% of the association between sex and FPI, respectively. Alternatively, TSAT had a suppressive mediating role in the association of sex with FPG and FPI. The incidence of T2D was lower in females than in males (hazard ratio 0.58; 95% CI 0.44, 0.77), with 19.2% of this difference being mediated by ferritin.
CONCLUSION
Iron biomarkers may partially mediate the association between sex and glucose homeostasis. Future studies addressing the causality of our findings are needed.
Item Type: |
Journal Article (Original Article) |
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Division/Institute: |
04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Cardiovascular Disorders (DHGE) > Clinic of Cardiology 04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM) |
Graduate School: |
Graduate School for Health Sciences (GHS) |
UniBE Contributor: |
Khatami, Farnaz, Sadat Ahanchi, Noushin, Raeisidehkordi, Hamidreza, Bano, Arjola |
Subjects: |
600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology > 360 Social problems & social services |
ISSN: |
2472-1972 |
Publisher: |
Oxford University Press |
Funders: |
[4] Swiss National Science Foundation |
Language: |
English |
Submitter: |
Pubmed Import |
Date Deposited: |
11 Jun 2024 10:28 |
Last Modified: |
14 Jun 2024 15:51 |
Publisher DOI: |
10.1210/jendso/bvae098 |
PubMed ID: |
38840960 |
Uncontrolled Keywords: |
glucose hemostasis iron biomarkers sex type 2 diabetes |
BORIS DOI: |
10.48350/197642 |
URI: |
https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/197642 |
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