Trajectory correction enables free-running chemical shift encoded imaging for accurate cardiac proton-density fat fraction quantification at 3T.

Daudé, Pierre; Troalen, Thomas; Mackowiak, Adèle L C; Royer, Emilien; Piccini, Davide; Yerly, Jérôme; Pfeuffer, Josef; Kober, Frank; Gouny, Sylviane Confort; Bernard, Monique; Stuber, Matthias; Bastiaansen, Jessica A M; Rapacchi, Stanislas (2024). Trajectory correction enables free-running chemical shift encoded imaging for accurate cardiac proton-density fat fraction quantification at 3T. (In Press). Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance, 26(2), p. 101048. BioMed Central 10.1016/j.jocmr.2024.101048

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BACKGROUND

Metabolic diseases can negatively alter epicardial fat accumulation and composition, which can be probed using quantitative cardiac chemical shift encoded(CSE) MRI by mapping proton-density fat fraction (PDFF). To obtain motion-resolved high-resolution PDFF maps, we proposed a free-running cardiac CSE-MRI framework at 3T. To employ faster bipolar readout gradients, a correction for gradients imperfections was added using the gradient impulse response function (GIRF) and evaluated on intermediate images and PDFF quantification.

METHODS

Ten minutes free-running cardiac 3D radial CSE-MRI acquisitions were compared in vitro and in vivo at 3T. Monopolar and bipolar readout gradients schemes provided 8 echoes (TE1/ΔTE = 1.16/1.96ms) and 13 echoes (TE1/ΔTE = 1.12/1.07ms), respectively. Bipolar-gradients free-running cardiac fat and water images and PDFF maps were reconstructed with or without GIRF-correction. PDFF values were evaluated in silico, in vitro on a fat/water phantom, and in vivo in 10 healthy volunteers and three diabetic patients.

RESULTS

In monopolar mode, fat-water swaps were demonstrated in silico and confirmed in vitro. Using bipolar readout gradients, PDFF quantification was reliable and accurate with GIRF correction with a mean bias of 0.03% in silico and 0.36% in vitro while it suffered from artifacts without correction, leading to a PDFF bias of 4.9% in vitro and swaps in vivo. Using bipolar readout gradients, in vivo PDFF of epicardial adipose tissue was significantly lower than in subcutaneous fat (80.4±7.1% vs 92.5±4.3%, P<0.0001).

CONCLUSION

Aiming for an accurate PDFF quantification, high-resolution free-running cardiac CSE-MRI imaging proved to benefit from bipolar echoes with k-space trajectory correction at 3T. This free-breathing acquisition framework enables to investigate epicardial adipose tissue PDFF in metabolic diseases.

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