Molecular dissection of HERV-W dependent microglial- and astroglial cell polarization.

Gruchot, Joel; Reiche, Laura; Werner, Luisa; Herrero, Felisa; Schira-Heinen, Jessica; Meyer, Urs; Küry, Patrick (2024). Molecular dissection of HERV-W dependent microglial- and astroglial cell polarization. (In Press). Microbes and infection(105382), p. 105382. Elsevier Masson SAS 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105382

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The endogenous retrovirus type W (HERV-W) is a human-specific entity, which was initially discovered in multiple sclerosis (MS) patient derived cells. We initially found that the HERV-W envelope (ENV) protein negatively affects oligodendrogenesis and controls microglial cell polarization towards a myelinated axon associated and damaging phenotype. Such first functional assessments were conducted ex vivo, given the human-specific origin of HERV-W. Recent experimental evidence gathered on a novel transgenic mouse model, mimicking activation and expression of the HERV-W ENV protein, revealed that all glial cell types are impacted and that cellular fates, differentiation, and functions were changed. In order to identify HERV-W-specific signatures in glial cells, the current study analyzed the transcriptome of ENV protein stimulated microglial- and astroglial cells and compared the transcriptomic signatures to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated cells, owing to the fact that both ligands can activate toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4). Additionally, a comparison between published disease associated glial signatures and the transcriptome of HERV-W ENV stimulated glial cells was conducted. We, therefore, provide here for the first time a detailed molecular description of specific HERV-W ENV evoked effects on those glial cell populations that are involved in smoldering neuroinflammatory processes relevant for progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

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