Hutchison, W.; Gabriel, Imogen; Plunkett, G.; Burke, A.; Sugden, P.; Innes, H.; Davies, S.; Moreland, W.; Krüger, K.; Wilson, R.; Vinther, B. M.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Freitag, J.; Oppenheimer, C.; Chellman, N.; Sigl, Michael; McConnell, J. R. (2024). High-resolution ice-core analyses identify the Eldgjá eruption and a cluster of Icelandic and trans-continental tephras between 936 and 943 CE. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 129(16) American Geophysical Union 10.1029/2023JD040142
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JGR_Atmospheres_-_2024_-_Hutchison_-_High_Resolution_Ice_Core_Analyses_Identify_the_Eldgj__Eruption_and_a_Cluster_of.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY). Download (1MB) | Preview |
The Eldgjá eruption is the largest basalt lava flood of the Common Era. It has been linked to amajor ice‐core sulfur (S) spike in 939–940 CE and Northern Hemisphere summer cooling in 940 CE. Despite itsmagnitude and potential climate impacts, uncertainties remain concerning the eruption timeline, atmosphericdispersal of emitted volatiles, and coincident volcanism in Iceland and elsewhere. Here, we present acomprehensive analysis of Greenland ice‐cores from 936 to 943 CE, revealing a complex volatile record andcryptotephra with numerous geochemical populations. Transitional alkali basalt tephra matching Eldgjá arefound in 939–940 CE, while tholeiitic basalt shards present in 936/937 CE and 940/941 CE are compatible withcontemporaneous Icelandic eruptions from Grímsvötn and Bárðarbunga‐Veiðivötn systems (including V‐Sv tephra). We also find four silicic tephra populations, one of which we link to the Jala Pumice of Ceboruco(Mexico) at 941 ± 1 CE. Triple S isotopes, Δ33S, spanning 936–940 CE are indicative of upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric transport of aerosol sourced from the Icelandic fissure eruptions.
Item Type: |
Journal Article (Original Article) |
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Division/Institute: |
08 Faculty of Science > Physics Institute > Climate and Environmental Physics 10 Strategic Research Centers > Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR) |
Graduate School: |
Graduate School of Climate Sciences |
UniBE Contributor: |
Gabriel, Imogen Anne, Sigl, Michael |
Subjects: |
500 Science > 530 Physics 500 Science > 540 Chemistry 500 Science > 550 Earth sciences & geology |
ISSN: |
2169-897X |
Publisher: |
American Geophysical Union |
Funders: |
[18] European Research Council |
Projects: |
[1314] Timing of Holocene volcanic eruptions and their radiative aerosol forcing |
Language: |
English |
Submitter: |
Michael Sigl |
Date Deposited: |
22 Aug 2024 11:33 |
Last Modified: |
22 Aug 2024 11:33 |
Publisher DOI: |
10.1029/2023JD040142 |
BORIS DOI: |
10.48350/199919 |
URI: |
https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/199919 |
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