Adrenal gland development and defects

Kempná, Petra; Flück, Christa E (2008). Adrenal gland development and defects. Best practice & research - clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 22(1), pp. 77-93. London: Baillière Tindall 10.1016/j.beem.2007.07.008

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The network regulating human adrenal development is complex. Studies of patients with adrenal insufficiency due to gene mutations established a central role for transcription factors GLI3, SF1 and DAX1 in the initial steps of adrenal formation. Adrenal differentiation seems to depend on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation and signalling, including biosynthesis and action of POMC, PC1, TPIT, MC2R, MRAP and ALADIN, all of which cause adrenocortical hypoplasia when mutated in humans. Studies of knockout mice revealed many more factors involved in adrenal development; however, in contrast to rodents, in humans several of those factors had no adrenal phenotype when mutated (e.g. WT1, WNT4) or, alternatively, human mutations have not (yet) been identified. Tissue profiling of fetal and adult adrenals suggested 69 genes involved in adrenal development. Among them were genes coding for steroidogenic enzymes, transcription and growth factors, signalling molecules, regulators of cell cycle and angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix proteins; however, the exact role of most of them remains to be elucidated.

Item Type:	Journal Article (Further Contribution)
Division/Institute:	04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Endocrinology (DFKE) > Clinic of Paediatric Medicine
UniBE Contributor:	Flück Pandey, Christa Emma
ISSN:	1521-690X
ISBN:	18279781
Publisher:	Baillière Tindall
Language:	English
Submitter:	Anette van Dorland
Date Deposited:	04 Oct 2013 15:03
Last Modified:	02 Mar 2023 23:22
Publisher DOI:	10.1016/j.beem.2007.07.008
PubMed ID:	18279781
Web of Science ID:	000253768400006
URI:	https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/27189 (FactScience: 104912)