Virological and phylogenetic characterization of attenuated small ruminant lentivirus isolates eluding efficient serological detection

Cardinaux, Laure; Zahno, Marie-Luise; Deubelbeiss, Martina; Zanoni, Reto Giacomo; Vogt, Hans-Rudolf; Bertoni, Giuseppe (2013). Virological and phylogenetic characterization of attenuated small ruminant lentivirus isolates eluding efficient serological detection. Veterinary microbiology, 162(2-4), pp. 572-581. Elsevier 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.017

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Three field isolates of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) were derived from a mixed flock of goats and sheep certified for many years as free of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). The phylogenetic analysis of pol sequences permitted to classify these isolates as A4 subtype. None of the animals showed clinical signs of SRLV infection, confirming previous observations which had suggested that this particular subtype is highly attenuated, at least for goats. A quantitative real time PCR strategy based on primers and probes derived from a highly variable env region permitted us to classify the animals as uninfected, singly or doubly infected. The performance of different serological tools based on this classification revealed their profound inadequacy in monitoring animals infected with this particular SRLV subtype. In vitro, the isolates showed differences in their cytopathicity and a tendency to replicate more efficiently in goat than sheep cells, especially in goat macrophages. By contrast, in vivo, these viruses reached significantly higher viral loads in sheep than in goats. Both env subtypes infected goats and sheep with equal efficiency. One of these, however, reached significantly higher viral loads in both species. In conclusion, we characterized three isolates of the SRLV subtype A4 that efficiently circulate in a mixed herd of goats and sheep in spite of their apparent attenuation and a strict physical separation between goats and sheep. The poor performance of the serological tools applied indicates that, to support an SRLV eradication campaign, it is imperative to develop novel, subtype specific tools.

Item Type:	Journal Article (Original Article)
Division/Institute:	05 Veterinary Medicine > Research Foci > Host-Pathogen Interaction 05 Veterinary Medicine > Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP) > Institute of Virology and Immunology 05 Veterinary Medicine > Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP)
UniBE Contributor:	Blatti-Cardinaux, Laure Sarah Pauline, Zahno, Marie-Luise, Deubelbeiss, Martina, Zanoni, Reto Giacomo, Vogt, Hans-Rudolf, Bertoni, Giuseppe
Subjects:	600 Technology > 630 Agriculture
ISSN:	0378-1135
Publisher:	Elsevier
Language:	English
Submitter:	Susanne Portner
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2014 16:26
Last Modified:	05 Dec 2022 14:31
Publisher DOI:	10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.017
PubMed ID:	23206411
Uncontrolled Keywords:	CAEV; MVV, Small ruminant lentivirus, SRLV, Serology, Diagnostic, In vitro, In vivo, Virus culture, Macrophage, Quantitative real time PCR, Goat, Sheep
URI:	https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/45939