Bassetti, Claudio (2014). Transient loss of consciousness and syncope. Handbook of clinical neurology, 119, pp. 169-191. Elsevier 10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00013-8
Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)Syncope describes a sudden and brief transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) with postural failure due to cerebral global hypoperfusion. The term TLOC is used when the cause is either unrelated to cerebral hypoperfusion or is unknown. The most common causes of syncopal TLOC include: (1) cardiogenic syncope (cardiac arrhythmias, structural cardiac diseases, others); (2) orthostatic hypotension (due to drugs, hypovolemia, primary or secondary autonomic failure, others); (3) neurally mediated syncope (cardioinhibitory, vasodepressor, and mixed forms). Rarely neurologic disorders (such as epilepsy, transient ischemic attacks, and the subclavian steal syndrome) can lead to cerebal hypoperfusion and syncope. Nonsyncopal TLOC may be due to neurologic (epilepsy, sleep attacks, and other states with fluctuating vigilance), medical (hypoglycemia, drugs), psychiatric, or post-traumatic disorders. Basic diagnostic workup of TLOC includes a thorough history and physical examination, and a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Blood testing, electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, echocardiography, head-up tilt test, carotid sinus massage, Holter monitoring, and loop recorders should be obtained only in specific contexts. Management strategies involve pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions, and cardiac pacing.
Item Type: |
Journal Article (Review Article) |
|---|---|
Division/Institute: |
04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Head Organs and Neurology (DKNS) > Clinic of Neurology |
UniBE Contributor: |
Bassetti, Claudio L.A. |
Subjects: |
600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health |
ISSN: |
0072-9752 |
Publisher: |
Elsevier |
Language: |
English |
Submitter: |
Valentina Rossetti |
Date Deposited: |
11 Mar 2015 16:27 |
Last Modified: |
02 Mar 2023 23:25 |
Publisher DOI: |
10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00013-8 |
PubMed ID: |
24365296 |
Uncontrolled Keywords: |
Diagnosis, Differential Humans, Syncope, Unconsciousness |
URI: |
https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/54191 |
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