[Gender differences in acute and chronic pain conditions. Implications for diagnosis and therapy].

Schopper, M; Fleckenstein, J; Irnich, D (2013). [Gender differences in acute and chronic pain conditions. Implications for diagnosis and therapy]. Der Schmerz, 27(5), pp. 456-466. Springer 10.1007/s00482-013-1361-7

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Gender differences can influence incidence and outcome of acute and chronic pain conditions. The reasons are to be found in genetic factors, hormonal effects and differences in anatomy and physiology. Furthermore differences relating to psychiatric comorbidities (i.e. depression) and psychosocial factors (roles, coping strategies) have been demonstrated. Men and women differ in the response to drugs and other treatments. They are differently affected by side effects of drugs. There is a gender bias in diagnosis and therapy. There is a need to study the influence of gender, age and race in order to optimize treatment towards a more individualized therapy. This article highlights already identified differences.

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