Tuberculosis in HIV programmes in lower-income countries: practices and risk factors

Fenner, L; Forster, M; Boulle, A; Phiri, S; Braitstein, P; Lewden, C; Schechter, M; Kumarasamy, N; Pascoe, M; Sprinz, E; Bangsberg, D R; Sow, P S; Dickinson, D; Fox, M P; McIntyre, J; Khongphatthanayothin, M; Dabis, F; Brinkhof, M W G; Wood, R and Egger, M (2011). Tuberculosis in HIV programmes in lower-income countries: practices and risk factors. International journal of tuberculosis and lung disease, 15(5), pp. 620-627. Paris: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease IUATLD 10.5588/ijtld.10.0249

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BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a common diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART).

OBJECTIVE: To describe TB-related practices in ART programmes in lower-income countries and identify risk factors for TB in the first year of ART.

METHODS: Programme characteristics were assessed using standardised electronic questionnaire. Patient data from 2003 to 2008 were analysed and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) calculated using Poisson regression models.

RESULTS: Fifteen ART programmes in 12 countries in Africa, South America and Asia were included. Chest X-ray, sputum microscopy and culture were available free of charge in respectively 13 (86.7%), 14 (93.3%) and eight (53.3%) programmes. Eight sites (53.3%) used directly observed treatment and five (33.3%) routinely administered isoniazid preventive treatment (IPT). A total of 19 413 patients aged ≥16 years contributed 13 227 person-years of follow-up; 1081 new TB events were diagnosed. Risk factors included CD4 cell count (>350 cells/μl vs. <25 cells/μl, adjusted IRR 0.46, 95%CI 0.33–0.64, P < 0.0001), sex (women vs. men, adjusted IRR 0.77, 95%CI 0.68–0.88, P = 0.0001) and use of IPT (IRR 0.24, 95%CI 0.19–0.31, P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic capacity and practices vary widely across ART programmes. IPT prevented TB, but was used in few programmes. More efforts are needed to reduce the burden of TB in HIV co-infected patients in lower income countries.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)

UniBE Contributor:

Fenner, Lukas, Forster, Mathieu, Brinkhof, Martin, Egger, Matthias

ISSN:

1027-3719

Publisher:

International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease IUATLD

Language:

English

Submitter:

Factscience Import

Date Deposited:

04 Oct 2013 14:21

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 14:06

Publisher DOI:

10.5588/ijtld.10.0249

PubMed ID:

21756512

Web of Science ID:

000290135900008

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.7274

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/7274 (FactScience: 212465)

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